{"id":3871,"date":"2009-01-10T07:52:00","date_gmt":"2009-01-10T06:52:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/southpush.com\/2009\/01\/10\/%d9%85%d8%b4%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ba%d8%af-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d8%ae%d8%b6%d8%b1-%d9%86%d8%b4%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%88%d8%b9%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a8%d9%8a%d8%a6%d9%8a-%d9%81\/"},"modified":"2025-06-03T09:28:19","modified_gmt":"2025-06-03T07:28:19","slug":"%d9%85%d8%b4%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ba%d8%af-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d8%ae%d8%b6%d8%b1-%d9%86%d8%b4%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%88%d8%b9%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a8%d9%8a%d8%a6%d9%8a-%d9%81","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/southpush.com\/ar\/2009\/01\/10\/%d9%85%d8%b4%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ba%d8%af-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d8%ae%d8%b6%d8%b1-%d9%86%d8%b4%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%88%d8%b9%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a8%d9%8a%d8%a6%d9%8a-%d9%81\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u063a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0636\u0631\u00bb: \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0625\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u060c \u0648 \u0631\u0648\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u0648 \u062a\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0633<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 (HDR 2007\/2008). \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u0637 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u0637 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u0651\u064d \u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a (Hawken, 1999). \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0651\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0651\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064b\u0627\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u062f\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0639 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0645\u062b\u0651\u0644 \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u062c\u0644\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0648\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0628\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0646\u0627. \u0646\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0646\u0623\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0632 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0645\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u063a.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0648\u0642\u062f \u064a\u064f\u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0642\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a (Clarke, 1993; Silva, 2003)\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u062a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 (HDR 2007\/2008; Stern, Young and Druckman, 1992).<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0625\u0646 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0651\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u064a\u0641 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0633\u0628\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0638\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u0645\u0629. \u0641\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062e\u064a\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u064a\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a. \u0625\u0630 \u062a\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0629.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0629. \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643. \u0625\u0630 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u062a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0631\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0648\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062b\u0631\u0627\u0621\u064b\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u062e\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0648\u0642\u062f \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u062a\u0636\u0645 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u062e\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f. \u0648\u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0633\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0644\u0651\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u062d\u062f\u0651\u062f \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0629. \u0648\u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628\u060c \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u062d\u0645\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627. \u0641\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0645\u0643\u0651\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0635\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629\u060c \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u062a\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0648\u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0645\u0648\u0627 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0646 (Tilt, 1996). \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c \u064a\u064f\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u064a\u064f\u0634\u062c\u0651\u064e\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0625\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0627\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0628\u0646\u0651\u064a \u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0641\u0651\u0632\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0651\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0648\u0647.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0642\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a. \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0646\u0642\u0635 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0644\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u064f\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649. \u0648\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0642\u0631\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0641\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0646\u0627. \u0641\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0646\u0651\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a. \u0648\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u064f\u0639\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0646\u0651\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0642 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628. \u0648\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0638\u060c \u0648\u062c\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u064f\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0650\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0634\u0627\u0628\u0651\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0647\u0648\u0628\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0642\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u0641 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0648\u0625\u064a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u00ab\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629\u00bb \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0633\u0651\u0645\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0645\u0633 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635. \u0648\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0648\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0629: <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 (Silva, 2003)\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 (Clarke, 1993; UNFPA, 2001)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b (EPA, 2006).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c: <\/strong>\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 (Todd, 2006)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><p data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639:<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646\u0629.<\/p><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><p data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643:<\/strong> \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0642\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0651\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 (Slade, 2006).<\/p><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><p data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635:<\/strong> \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u062e\u0637\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629 (Hawken, 1999).<\/p><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0642\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u0633\u0629 58 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0646 14 \u064817 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a. \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0646: \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648 \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648. \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648 \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0642\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0631\u0624\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u0651\u0645\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648 \u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0644\u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u0639\u0651\u0627\u0644. \u0648\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629\u060c \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u062a\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0645.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u064f\u062d\u062f\u062b \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0651\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0635 \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0631 (Young, 1994). \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062e\u0635 \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0647\u064a \u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0630\u064f\u0643\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0632\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a. \u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 58 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621. \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0651\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0637\u0631\u062d \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u060c \u0637\u064f\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a: \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u060c \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f 31 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u0644 58 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u0621. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u060c \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 13 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u060c \u0623\u0642\u0631\u0651 46 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u064a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u060c \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 50 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643\u0647\u0645. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0647\u0645 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0635\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u063a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0627\u0646\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645. \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0623\u0637\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0633\u0629\u00bb. \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0648\u0639\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0639\u064a \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629\u00bb.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u060c \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0648\u0639\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628: \u00ab\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u060c \u0633\u0623\u0636\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644\u00bb. \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0622\u062e\u0631: \u00ab\u0623\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0623\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u062e\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0630\u0631 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0623\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u0646\u062c\u062f \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0644\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u00bb.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0648\u0623\u0636\u0627\u0641 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0622\u062e\u0631: \u00ab\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0651\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u063a\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628\u0646\u0627\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u062d\u0638\u0649 \u0628\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u00bb. \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0622\u062e\u0631: \u00ab\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0642\u0638 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0625\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0630 \u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628\u0646\u0627\u00bb. \u0648\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628: \u00ab\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0636\u0631\u0651\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0623\u064a \u0634\u0643\u0644\u00bb.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0648\u0639\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0623\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0645<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648 \u0648\u0631\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0648\u062c\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0648\u0644\u0648 \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0633\u064a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u062b\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0631\u0627\u063a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0625\u0646 \u0642\u0631\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0633\u064a\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u0647\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Clarke, John I.\u00a0<em>Education, Population, Environment and Sustainable Development.<\/em>\u00a0Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1993.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Deaton, Angus. &#8220;Health, Inequality, and Economic Development.&#8221;\u00a0<em>American Economic Association.<\/em>\u00a0Massachusetts, 2003.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Hawken, Paul, Amory Lovins, and L. Hunter Lovins.\u00a0<em>Natural Capitalism.<\/em>\u00a01st ed. Little, Brown and Company, Back Bay Books, 1999.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Howarth, Richard B., and Richard B. Norgaard. &#8220;Environmental Valuation under Sustainable Development.&#8221;\u00a0<em>American Economic Association.<\/em>\u00a0Berkeley, CA, 1992.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Human Development Report, 2007\/2008: Fighting Climate Change: Human Solidarity in a Divided World.<\/em>\u00a0New York: UNDP, 2008.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Marynowski, Susan B., and Susan K. Jacobson. &#8220;Ecosystem Management Education for Public Lands.&#8221;\u00a0<em>Allen Press,<\/em>Florida, 1999.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Population Reports.<\/em>\u00a0&#8220;Population Education in the Schools.&#8221; Series M, no. 6 (March-April 1982): 61. Baltimore: Population Information Program, The Johns Hopkins University.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Silva, Eduardo. &#8220;Selling Sustainable Development and Shortchanging Social Ecology in Costa Rican Forest Policy.&#8221;\u00a0<em>Latin American Politics and Society<\/em>\u00a045, no. 3 (2003): 93\u2013127.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Slade, Giles.\u00a0<em>Made to Break.<\/em>\u00a0Boston: Harvard University Press, 2006.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Stern, P.C., O.R. Young, and D. Druckman, eds.\u00a0<em>Global Environmental Change: Understanding the Human Dimensions.<\/em>\u00a0Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 1992.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tabbarah, Riad B. &#8220;Population Education as a Component of Development Policy.&#8221;\u00a0<em>Population Council,<\/em>\u00a0New York, 1976.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tilt, Whitney. &#8220;Moving Beyond the Past: A Grant-Maker&#8217;s Vision for Effective Environmental Education.&#8221;\u00a0<em>Wildlife Society Bulletin<\/em>\u00a024, no. 4 (Winter 1996): 621\u201326. Washington, DC: Allen Press.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Todd, Benjamin. &#8220;Congo, Coltan, Conflict.&#8221;\u00a0<em>The Heinz School Review<\/em>\u00a03, no. 1 (March 15, 2006).<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">UNESCO.\u00a0<em>Population Education: A Contemporary Concern.<\/em>\u00a0Educational Studies and Documents, no. 28. Paris: UNESCO, 1978.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">UNESCO-UNEP.\u00a0<em>Environmental Education: Selected Activities of UNESCO-UNEP International Environmental Education Programme 1975-1990.<\/em>\u00a0Paris: UNESCO-UNEP, 1990.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">UNFPA.\u00a0<em>The State of World Population 2001.<\/em><\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Wakefield, Julie. &#8220;Environmental Education: Teaching Sustainability.&#8221;\u00a0<em>Environmental Health Perspectives<\/em>\u00a0111, no. 5 (2003).<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Wilbrath, Lester W.\u00a0<em>Learning to Think Environmentally.<\/em>\u00a0Albany: State University of New York Press, 1996.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Young, John, and Aaron Sachs.\u00a0<em>The Next Efficiency Revolution: Creating a Sustainable Materials Economy.<\/em>Worldwatch Institute, 1994.U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. &#8220;Toxics Release Inventory.&#8221; 2006.\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.epa.gov\/tri\">http:\/\/www.epa.gov\/tri<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0625\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u060c \u0648 \u0631\u0648\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u0648 \u062a\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 (HDR 2007\/2008). \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u0637 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u0637 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u0651\u064d \u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a (Hawken, 1999). \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0651\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0651\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":244151364,"featured_media":2575,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"advanced_seo_description":"","jetpack_seo_html_title":"","jetpack_seo_noindex":false,"jetpack_seo_schema_type":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_wpcom_ai_launchpad_first_post":false,"_jetpack_hide_featured_image":false,"_jetpack_featured_image_duplicate_dismissed":0,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"{title}\n\n{excerpt}\n\n{url}","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"_wpas_customize_per_network":false,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[777591744],"tags":[777591982,777591983,777591984,777591989,777591863,777591985,777591988,777591779],"class_list":["post-3871","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-777591744","tag-maher-hamoud-ar","tag-egypt-ar","tag-political-economy-ar","tag-777591989","tag-777591863","tag-development-ar","tag-777591988","tag-education-ar","fallback-thumbnail"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/pfnpAH-10r","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":3924,"url":"https:\/\/southpush.com\/ar\/2007\/04\/01\/%d9%86%d9%82%d8%af-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%83%d9%81%d8%a7%d8%a1%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a8%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%86%d8%b8%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%82%d8%aa\/","url_meta":{"origin":3871,"position":0},"title":"\u0646\u0642\u062f \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0629\u00bb \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629","author":"Maher Hamoud","date":"1 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 2007","format":false,"excerpt":"\u00ab\u0644\u0642\u062f \u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0628\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u060c \u0634\u064f\u064a\u0651\u062f\u062a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649.\u00bb (\u062c\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0633\u060c 1975\u060c \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0647\u060c \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0633\u0641\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629) \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0648 (1848\u20131923) \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064b\u0627 \u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u00bb \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u2026","rel":"","context":"\u0641\u064a &quot;\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a&quot;","block_context":{"text":"\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a","link":"https:\/\/southpush.com\/ar\/\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641\/%d8%aa%d8%ad%d9%84%d9%8a%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%aa\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/southpush.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/puppet-economics.-pixabay.jpg?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/southpush.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/puppet-economics.-pixabay.jpg?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/southpush.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/puppet-economics.-pixabay.jpg?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/southpush.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/puppet-economics.-pixabay.jpg?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/southpush.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/puppet-economics.-pixabay.jpg?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":3338,"url":"https:\/\/southpush.com\/ar\/2009\/07\/05\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d9%86%d8%aa%d8%a7%d8%ac%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%83%d9%85%d8%ad%d8%b1%d9%83-%d9%84%d9%84%d9%86%d9%85%d9%88\/","url_meta":{"origin":3871,"position":1},"title":"\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648","author":"Maher Hamoud","date":"5 \u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 2009","format":false,"excerpt":"\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u0631\u0632\u0642\u062a \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0623\u0646\u2026","rel":"","context":"\u0641\u064a &quot;\u0631\u0623\u064a&quot;","block_context":{"text":"\u0631\u0623\u064a","link":"https:\/\/southpush.com\/ar\/\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641\/%d8%b1%d8%a3%d9%8a\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/southpush.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/elevate-pexels.jpg?fit=1200%2C801&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/southpush.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/elevate-pexels.jpg?fit=1200%2C801&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/southpush.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/elevate-pexels.jpg?fit=1200%2C801&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/southpush.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/elevate-pexels.jpg?fit=1200%2C801&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/southpush.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/elevate-pexels.jpg?fit=1200%2C801&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":4676,"url":"https:\/\/southpush.com\/ar\/2008\/02\/01\/%d8%a3%d8%b2%d9%85%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%af%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a9-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d9%85%d8%b5%d8%b1-%d8%a8%d9%8a%d9%86-%d8%aa%d9%82%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d9%86%d9%85%d9%8a%d8%a9\/","url_meta":{"origin":3871,"position":2},"title":"\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0644\u0642","author":"Maher Hamoud","date":"1 \u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631 2008","format":false,"excerpt":"\u062a\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0635\u0627\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0647\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0636\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0647\u0627\u060c\u2026","rel":"","context":"\u0641\u064a &quot;\u0631\u0623\u064a&quot;","block_context":{"text":"\u0631\u0623\u064a","link":"https:\/\/southpush.com\/ar\/\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641\/%d8%b1%d8%a3%d9%8a\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/southpush.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/ominous-pixabay.jpg?fit=1200%2C891&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/southpush.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/ominous-pixabay.jpg?fit=1200%2C891&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/southpush.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/ominous-pixabay.jpg?fit=1200%2C891&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/southpush.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/ominous-pixabay.jpg?fit=1200%2C891&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/southpush.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/ominous-pixabay.jpg?fit=1200%2C891&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":3189,"url":"https:\/\/southpush.com\/ar\/2010\/05\/13\/%d8%a3%d8%ae%d9%8a%d8%b1%d8%a7-%d8%b5%d9%88%d8%b1%d8%a9-%d8%a5%d9%8a%d8%ac%d8%a7%d8%a8%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%84%d9%84%d8%ae%d8%b5%d8%ae%d8%b5%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%b1%d8%a8%d9%8a%d8%a9\/","url_meta":{"origin":3871,"position":3},"title":"\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0635\u062e\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629","author":"Maher Hamoud","date":"13 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 2010","format":false,"excerpt":"\u0645\u0639 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0623\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0624\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0631\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u062b\u0631 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u062e\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629. \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0628\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u2026","rel":"","context":"\u0641\u064a &quot;\u0631\u0623\u064a&quot;","block_context":{"text":"\u0631\u0623\u064a","link":"https:\/\/southpush.com\/ar\/\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641\/%d8%b1%d8%a3%d9%8a\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/southpush.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/kuwait-pixabay.jpg?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/southpush.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/kuwait-pixabay.jpg?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/southpush.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/kuwait-pixabay.jpg?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/southpush.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/kuwait-pixabay.jpg?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/southpush.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/kuwait-pixabay.jpg?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":3427,"url":"https:\/\/southpush.com\/ar\/2009\/05\/24\/%d9%85%d9%82%d8%a8%d8%b1%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%86%d8%b8%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%aa\/","url_meta":{"origin":3871,"position":4},"title":"\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a","author":"Maher Hamoud","date":"24 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 2009","format":false,"excerpt":"\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0644\u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0627\u064a\u0642\u0644 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0644 \u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0623\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0623\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0645. \u0628\u0644 \u0625\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0634\u0644\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062e\u0631\u062c \u0645\u0646\u2026","rel":"","context":"\u0641\u064a &quot;\u0631\u0623\u064a&quot;","block_context":{"text":"\u0631\u0623\u064a","link":"https:\/\/southpush.com\/ar\/\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641\/%d8%b1%d8%a3%d9%8a\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/southpush.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/chicks-pexels.jpg?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/southpush.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/chicks-pexels.jpg?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/southpush.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/chicks-pexels.jpg?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/southpush.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/chicks-pexels.jpg?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/southpush.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/chicks-pexels.jpg?fit=1200%2C800&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":4656,"url":"https:\/\/southpush.com\/ar\/2008\/10\/01\/%d9%87%d9%84-%d8%aa%d9%8f%d8%b4%d9%83%d9%91%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ab%d9%82%d8%a7%d9%81%d8%a9-%d8%b9%d8%a7%d8%a6%d9%82%d9%8b%d8%a7-%d8%a3%d9%85%d8%a7%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d9%86%d9%85%d9%8a%d8%a9\/","url_meta":{"origin":3871,"position":5},"title":"\u0647\u0644 \u062a\u064f\u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u061f","author":"Maher Hamoud","date":"1 \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 2008","format":false,"excerpt":"\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0644 \u062c\u062f\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639. \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u062d\u062f\u0651\u062f \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636. \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u064f\u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u064a\u064f\u062c\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u0630\u0651\u0631\u0629\u2026","rel":"","context":"\u0641\u064a &quot;\u0631\u0623\u064a&quot;","block_context":{"text":"\u0631\u0623\u064a","link":"https:\/\/southpush.com\/ar\/\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641\/%d8%b1%d8%a3%d9%8a\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/southpush.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/barbed-wire-pixabay.jpg?fit=1200%2C646&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/southpush.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/barbed-wire-pixabay.jpg?fit=1200%2C646&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/southpush.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/barbed-wire-pixabay.jpg?fit=1200%2C646&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/southpush.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/barbed-wire-pixabay.jpg?fit=1200%2C646&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/southpush.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/barbed-wire-pixabay.jpg?fit=1200%2C646&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]}],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/southpush.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/sustanability-pixabay.jpg?fit=1280%2C838&ssl=1","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/southpush.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3871","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/southpush.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/southpush.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/southpush.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/244151364"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/southpush.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3871"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/southpush.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3871\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4316,"href":"https:\/\/southpush.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3871\/revisions\/4316"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/southpush.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2575"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/southpush.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3871"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/southpush.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3871"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/southpush.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3871"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}